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Home » Volume-4-Mandarin

前言

A bonobo looks at the camera through the bars of a large green cage

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作者 Nadya Hutagalung
联合国环境规划署和大型类人猿存续伙伴关系亲善大使 / 电视名人

理解人类行为对环境和生存受到严重威胁的无数物种的影响,对制定智慧和灵活的方式十分关键,使我们能在这个星球上生活,维护生命和生物的多样性。《类人猿现状》系列汇集人类活动对类人猿及其栖息地影响的数据和知识。它提出避免或尽可能减轻伤害的潜在方案,是克服我们和这个星球其他所有物种面临的许多挑战的重要参考资料。在类人猿各个分布区,由于栖息地丧失和恶化、捕猎和疾病,类人猿种群不断衰退,各个类人猿物种都面临绝灭威胁。理解捕杀、捕捉和贸易对非洲和亚洲不同类人猿物种的影响和幅度,以及这些威胁如何影响自然保护和个体动物的福祉,对找到保护它们的方案十分关键。

《类人猿现状》第四卷聚焦对类人猿最直接的威胁之一:捕猎。在有非人类类人猿的几乎所有区域,捕猎都是一个威胁,导致类人猿被捕杀,常常为了把类人猿身体部件用作食物、医药或其他目的;或者捕捉活体类人猿并进行交易,以便把这些动物留作宠物,在娱乐行业用作道具,或者在动物收藏系列中展示。在有类人猿生存的每个国家,所有类人猿都受到法律保护,因此,对类人猿的捕杀、捕捉和贸易是违法行为。不过,在有类人猿自然存在的每个国家,人们为了不同的原因,常常是复杂的原因,捕猎类人猿。在一些情况下,捕猎是为了文化原因,但是常常是经济原因推动的,为了赚钱、获得食物,或者消灭认为破坏庄稼的有害动物。

类人猿是非洲和亚洲热带森林中最有魅力的物种群之一。类人猿是聪明、有知觉、爱社交、有情感的动物,考虑到与人类密切的遗传相似性和共同演化史,人们常常对它们十分着迷。这种迷恋或吸引是导致它们当前面临威胁的因素之一。大多是因为它们“几乎是人”的这一面,人们捕捉大型类人猿和长臂猿,助长娱乐业发展,供应活跃的宠物贸易和动物收藏。

捕猎对涉及的个体类人猿的影响也很严重,导致它们经历恐惧、孤独、痛苦、迷惑和与自身物种其他个体隔绝的痛苦。大多数类人猿是社会性动物,与母亲和出生群体在一起生活多年,学会如何生存,如何与野外环境互动。当它们被人工饲养,生活在人造的有压力的环境,它们经历的创伤会持续一生。捕猎、捕杀或捕捉类人猿,以及类人猿贸易,对保护这些高度受威胁物种有严重影响,它们常常生活在已经因农业产业化、采掘业和基础设施项目严重恶化的块状森林里,种群之间的联系被切断。即使移除几只个体,也会对物种的未来有重大影响。它们能否幸存的命运掌握在我们手里,就看我们怎么做。

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Reports

  • How Industrial Agriculture Affects Current and Future Conditions for Communities and Conservation

  • Conservation in an Agriculture Landscape: Wilmar’s Experience

  • The Sustainable Palm Oil Transparency Toolkit

  • Industrial Agriculture and Apes: The Experience of Olam International in Gabon

  • Oil-Palm Development: Success Story or Nightmare?

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